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Question Database: Formal Logic

Models for Predicate Logic

Eliminating quantifiers

Which of these formulas is a good translation for (∀x)(∃y)Rxy, given a domain D = {a, b}?

A. (Raa & Rab) ∨ (Rba & Rbb)

B. (Raa & Rab) & (Rba & Rbb)

C. (Raa ∨ Rab) & (Rba ∨ Rbb)

D. (Raa ∨ Rab) ∨ (Rba ∨ Rbb)

Answer: C

Topic:

Predicate logic, models

Course Level:

First year formal logic

Notes:


Which of these formulas is a good translation for (∃x)(∀y)Ryx, given a domain D = {a, b}?

A. (Raa & Rab) ∨ (Rba & Rbb)

B. (Raa & Rba) ∨ (Rab & Rbb)

C. (Raa & Rbb) ∨ (Rab & Rba)

D. (Rab & Rbb) ∨ (Rab & Raa)

Answer: B

Topic:

Predicate logic, models

Course Level:

First year formal logic

Notes:


Is the argument from (Raa ∨ Rab) & (Rba ∨ Rbb) to (Raa & Rba) ∨ (Rab & Rbb) valid?

A. Yes, it’s valid.

B. No, it’s not.

Answer: B

Topic:

Predicate logic, models

Course Level:

First year formal logic

Notes:


Is the argument from (∀x)(∃y)Rxy to (∃x)(∀y)Ryx valid?

A. Yes, it’s valid.

B. No, it’s not.

Answer: B

Topic:

Predicate logic, models

Course Level:

First year formal logic

Notes:


Identity

Which of the following statements are true only when more than one thing has property F?

1. Fa & Ga

2. (Fa & Fb) & (Ga & ~Gb)

3. (∃x)Fx & (Ey)Fy

4. (∃x)(∃y)(Fx & Fy)

5. (Fa & Fb) & (~Ga & ~Gb)

A. All of them.

B. None of them.

C. 2 only.

D. 3 and 4 only.

Answer: C

Topic:

Predicate logic, models

Course Level:

First year formal logic

Notes:

5 is consistent with a = b, but 2 is not (since Ga, but ~Gb).


Let a = b be true if and only if the name ‘a’ and the name ‘b’ name the same object.

In a domain D = {c, d, e}, what should we say about the interpretation I(=)?

       
I(=)
c
d
e
c
??
   
d
     
e
     

What valuie should go in the <c, c> slot?

A. 1 (true)

B. 0 (false)

C. can't tell.

Answer: A

Topic:

Predicate logic, models

Course Level:

First year formal logic

Notes:


Let a = b be true if and only if the name ‘a’ and the name ‘b’ name the same object.

In a domain D = {c, d, e}, what should we say about the interpretation I(=)?

       
I(=)
c
d
e
c
1
   
d
??
   
e
     

What value should go in the <d, c> slot?

A. 1 (true)

B. 0 (false)

C. can't tell.

Answer: B

Topic:

Predicate logic, models

Course Level:

First year formal logic

Notes:

       
I(=)
c
d
e
c
1
0
0
d
0
1
0
e
0
0
1